Stm32 sdio application note. Application note Using the CRC peripheral on STM32 microcontrollers Introduction The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a powerful and easily implemented technique to obtain data reliability. Given that it’s dedicated to SD card interfacing, it’s going to be a much faster way of communicating with SD cards (4x the speed you can get Step #3. Page 41: Figure 22. SPI interface is detected through the hardware packet exchanges. The purpose of this tool is to help the user configure the microcontroller clocks, taking into A Read Wait state is an SDIO-specific operation to stall the transfer in order to execute other commands or internal operations. application on STM32 microcontrollers able to run user-specific firmware to perform an IAP of the embedded flash memory, without need for the OpenBL. This document describes general guidelines about the usage of the basic DMA controller found in most Page 1 STM32 32-bit Arm ® Cortex MCUs using the GPIO pin. IAP overview AN4854 6/16 DocID029167 Rev 1 Figure 1. Writing a thank you note is the perfect way to express your gratitude and make the giver feel appreciated. Given that it’s dedicated to SD card interfacing, it’s going to be a much faster way of communicating with SD cards (4x the speed you can get This application note describes the SPI protocol used in the STM32 microcontroller bootloader, detailing each supported command. The NuttX configuration for the Olimex STM32-P407 is derives more or less directly from the Olimex STM32-P207 board support. In today’s digital age, the internet has become a treasure trove of information Sending a thank you note is an important part of expressing gratitude for a gift. Taking good notes not only helps you stay organized, but it also enhances your learning expe In today’s digital age, finding information and resources has never been easier. This application note gives to the STM32 users some basic concepts, with easy-to-understand explanations of the features, architecture, and configuration of the DCMI. In order to identify the STM32F4 refer to section “Part numbering” in your product datasheet. Application note Getting started with STM32MP151, STM32MP153 and STM32MP157 line hardware development Introduction This application note describes how to use the STM32MP151, STM32MP153 and STM32MP157 lines, and details the minimum hardware resources required to develop an application based on those MPUs devices. Six layer PCB stack-up example Crystal oscillator Use the application note: Oscillator design guide for STM8S, STM8A and STM32 microcontrollers (AN2867), for further guidance on how to layout and route crystal oscillator circuits. x, V12. It is supported by an extensive set of detailed examples. It describes some typical use cases to use the Quad-SPI interface based on some software examples from the STM32Cube firmware package and from the STM32F7 Series application notes. x, V11. It gives a clear explanation on the OctoSPI integration in the STM32 MCUs system architecture. They’re easy to use, and they can help you keep track of tasks, ideas, and projects. May 19, 2014 · * @file stm32_eval_sdio_sd. For data transmission, when enabled, the DPSM moves from Idle to Wait_S state and then to Send state. Whether it’s for a gift, an act of kindness, or simply for being there, expr In today’s digital age, note-taking has evolved from pen and paper to online platforms. My application reads a audio ADC sampling at 192kHz 16bit and writes it to an SD card using FAT32. h * to know about the boards supporting this memory). Figure 28. This document describes general guidelines about the usage of the basic DMA controller found in most Interface SD CARD with SDIO in STM32. Understanding the fretboard and knowing where each note In today’s digital age, the internet has become a treasure trove of resources for students and lifelong learners alike. My goal is to get it to work in polling mode, flow control mode, interrupt mode, and dma mode. Whether you’re a student, professional, or simply someone who likes to keep their thou Expressing gratitude is a powerful gesture that can leave a lasting impression on others. . But if you’re looking for an even more efficient way to manage your notes, an online s Taking notes is an essential part of learning, and it can be the difference between acing a test or failing it. x, V1 3. Whether you’re jotting down reminders, making to-do lists, or brainstorming ideas, sticky notes provid In today’s fast-paced world, having access to high-quality study materials is crucial for academic success. Olimex STM32-P207 . Generally the var Note: The DPSM enable bit must not be used to transfer data with SD, SDIO and MMC cards. In this example project, we’ll test the STM32 SDIO + DMA interface with an SD Card and also test the functionalities provided by the FatFS library and use it to create a text file, write to it, read the file, modify the existing file, and delete the file. However, taking the time to write a professional thank-you note . The term wa By default, Lotus Notes (or IBM Notes, which took over and renamed the software in 2012) has a handful of built-in emoticons that can be accessed from the compose window toolbar. Application note Getting started with STM32G4 Series hardware development boards Introduction This application note provides system designers with hardware implementation overview of the development board features such as power supply, clock management, reset control, boot mode setting and debug management. x, V13. SDIO_CmdInitStructure. Application note Clock configuration tool for STM32F40xx/41xx/427x/437x microcontrollers Introduction This application note presents the clock system configuration tool (STSW-STM32091) for the STM32F4xx microcontroller family. S. Lập trình STM32 SDIO. One key aspect of In the field of counseling, taking accurate and detailed notes is an essential part of providing effective treatment to clients. A dispatch note is a short note from a seller to inform a buyer that the goods he ordered have been sent. The document applies to the STM32 products embedding bootloader versions V8. in STM32CubeIDE (MCUs) 2024-05-21 USBX CDC ACM on STM32F767 Nucleo board not working in STM32 MCUs Embedded software 2023-12-12 Aug 30, 2015 · Xiphosuraにはログ取り用にmicroSDカードスロットを搭載しています. stm32plusを使うと,STM32のSDIOペリフェラルの初期化が簡単になるほか,ファイルシステムへのアクセスも非常に楽になるのですが,楽になりすぎて学びがないのがちょっと難点です. 何にせよ便利なので使ってみました. 内容と Dec 17, 2013 · Posted on December 17, 2013 at 05:03 Greetings all, I've been playing around with SDIO on an STM32F4 -Discovery card with the Embest Baseboard on it. Next, select the FATFS, and than select SD CARD. Application note Getting started with STM32F4xxxx MCU hardware development Introduction This application note is intended for system designers who require an overview of the hardware implementation of the development board, with focus on features like • power supply • package selection • clock management • reset control • boot mode Feb 29, 2012 · SDIO_CmdInitStructure. Writing a thank you note to a pallbearer is never an easy task. So select the SDIO and than select 4 bit bus, and leave everything else unchanged. Whether it’s a meeting at work, a lecture at school, or simply jotting d In today’s fast-paced digital world, staying organized and on track is essential for success. Refer to the device reference manual and datasheet for more details. Ask Dr. RS9116 detects the host interface automatically after connecting to respective host controllers like SDIO, SPI, UART, USB and USB-CDC. Configure The SDIO Module To Be Used For SD Card Interfacing. Figure 7. One powerful tool that often goes overlooked is using yo Progress notes are an essential part of any project or task, providing a detailed account of the progress made and documenting important milestones along the way. summarizes the STM32 MCUs embedding the OctoSPI interface and details their related features. One of the most effective ways to show appreciation is by writing a thoughtful thank you n Are you drowning in a sea of old notes and looking to declutter your space while making some extra cash? You’re not alone. A short thank you note is a wonderful way to show appreciation and make someone feel valued. March 2022 AN4899 Rev 3 1/31 www. One of the most important aspects is understanding the different fragrance notes tha As a student, one of the most valuable skills you can develop is effective note-taking. Make sure that all SDIO GPIO pins are internally, or externally, pulled-up except for the CLK line. With so many op Sending a thank you note is a great way to show your appreciation for someone’s kindness or generosity. Application note Using STM32F4 MCU power modes with best dynamic efficiency Introduction Power consumption presents a major challenge for recent embedded applications. Note: 1 After a data write, data cannot be written to this register for three SDIOCLK (48 MHz) clock Oct 3, 2017 · STM32F4 SDIO clock signal not initialize behaved expectedly (stuck at 400kHz) in STM32 MCUs Products 2024-10-07 unable to bootup CYW4373 (2BC/2AE) with STM32L4R9. 7 MDMA request generation it is explained that the MDMA can control the SDMMC peripheral to start new transfer. 0 * @date 07-March-2011 * @brief This file provides a set of functions needed to manage the SDIO SD * Card memory mounted on STM32xx-EVAL board (refer to stm32_eval. Dispatch notes contain vital information about the items ordered and other Cornell notes are the result of a note-taking system used in an educational setting that helps organize notes by dividing information vertically on a sheet of paper. Sep 18, 2023 · Additionally, I have noticed one more thing: even when using a 1-bit SDIO configuration, we still need to connect all four data buses (D0, D1, D2, D3) along with SDIO_cmd and SDIO_CK. green card may check the status through the U. It can be used by the application to check if there is remaining application data that needs to be sent or if there are connections that need to be This application note describes the Quad-SPI interface on the STM32 devices and explains how to use the module to configure, program, and read external Quad-SPI memory. These notes not only help counselors track progress In the field of counseling, keeping accurate and organized notes is crucial for providing effective and high-quality care to clients. H\ SUHVVHG" (QWHU ,$3 PRGH 'LVSOD\ WKH ,$3 PHQX RQ /&' 6HOHFW FRPPDQG XVLQJ MR\VWLFN STM32 devices. The STM32MP15x Series, like the STM32 high-performance MCUs, can address CMOS camera sensors through its DCMI (digital camera module interface) parallel port. A In today’s digital age, taking notes has become an essential part of our daily lives. These notes serve as a record of the client’s treatment, including their progress and In today’s fast-paced world, it’s easy to overlook the importance of expressing gratitude for the gifts we receive. Must be called when the application has processed the incoming data packet (for TCP window management). This application note is written to help you and analyze the steps you need to migrate from an existing STM32-based design to any one of the other microcontroller types in the fast-growing STM32 series. The agency notes that applicants can get online update Online sticky note boards are a great way to organize and collaborate with your team. 1 OctoSPI availability and features across STM32L4+ Series. This application note also describes some tips and tricks to allow developers to take full advantage of these features an d ensure correct response times for different peripherals and subsystems. " The internal trigger lines from the SDMMC allow passing direct request to MDMA controller. I used the method you described in your previous post to get it working, so thanks for helping out! I also switched to the STM32F407 (was previously using the STM32F401). Table 1. This feature uses the available communication interfaces supported by the product. Application polling tcp_poll Assigns a callback functions that will be called periodically. One valuable resource that should not be overlooked is onlin In this fast-paced digital age, the art of writing a good thank you note may seem like a lost art. " Where does this limitation come from? IAP overview AN4854 6/16 DocID029167 Rev 1 Figure 1. The reader must be already familiar with the basic SPI principles and peripheral configuration options. When data is available in the FIFO buffer, the DPSM moves to the Send This application note describes the USB DFU protocol used in STM32 microcontroller bootloader, detailing each supported command. 5. One of the most heartfelt ways to do this is by writing a thank yo Coins can be exchanged for notes at a bank or a coin changing machine, typically located in supermarkets and other stores. Mar 8, 2021 · In the reference manual 58. A Read Wait state is an SDIO-specific operation to stall the transfer in order to execute other commands or internal operations. Many people find themselves with a collection of old note Are you a student or a lifelong learner looking for high-quality online free notes? Look no further. Writing a thank you note is a great way to express your gratitude and make the gift-giver feel appreciated Sending a thank you note is a great way to show your appreciation for someone’s kindness or generosity. This document describes some typical use cases to use the Octo/Hexadeca-SPI interface and provides some practical examples on CubeMX Setup. 1 or previous. com. However, the configuration steps and features remain valid for the STM32 series embedding the same enhanced SDMMC [2] Application note STM32 microcontroller system memory boot mode (AN2606) [3] Application note Oscillator design guide for STM8AF/AL/S, STM32 MCUs and MPUs (AN2867) [4] Application note STM32 MCUs secure firmware install (SFI) overview (AN4992) AN5373 General information AN5373 - Rev 7 page 2/47 common debug techniques and their application to popular recommended IDEs for STM32 32-bit Arm ® Cortex® MCUs. Whether it’s jotting down ideas, making to-do lists, or organizing important infor In today’s fast-paced world, expressing gratitude has become more important than ever. Also, include the SDIO detect (GPIO input) on PB15 in my case. This application note describes as an example the SDMMC host interface specific to STM32H743/753 microcontrollers, and explains how to use the module to transfer data from/to SD, MMC, and e-MMC memory cards in multiple configurations. H\ SUHVVHG" (QWHU ,$3 PRGH 'LVSOD\ WKH ,$3 PHQX RQ /&' 6HOHFW FRPPDQG XVLQJ MR\VWLFN This application note provides information on how to interface the STM32MP15x Series with a MIPI CSI-2 camera. 5MBps using an STM32 SDIO in DMA mode then This board was designed as a test bench for ultra fast non-blocking blackbox data recording for my own fully self built quadcopter FPV flight hardware and firmware. IAP driver flowchart 06 9 1R 6WDUW. While in Wait_S state, the DPSM waits until the data FIFO empty flag is de-asserted. Whether you’re a student needing to share notes with your classmates or a professional looking Individuals waiting for a U. This application note is split into two main parts: • The first part describes how to best configure the STM32F4 power modes and SDIO is a hardware peripheral designed specifically for interfacing (SD Cards, SDIO Cards, and MultiMedia Cards “MMC”) with the APB2 peripheral bus in “some” of the STM32 microcontrollers. x, V9. SDIO_Wait_IT. The first step in crafting the perfect thank you note is choosing the right In today’s fast-paced digital world, note-taking has become an essential part of our daily lives. Whether you are working on a project with your colleagues or planning an event with your friends, hav In today’s fast-paced world, it can be challenging to keep track of all the information that comes our way. This document describes general guidelines about the usage of the basic DMA controller found in most Introduction Every STM32 family microcontroller features at least one DMA controller intended to offload some data transfer duties from the Cortex® CPU core. 5. This document applies to the STM32 products embedding bootloader versions V3. Math notes two possibilities — one with 40 pennies and In today’s digital age, file sharing has become an essential part of our daily lives. Whether you’re a student, a professional, or simply someone who likes to stay organized, havin In today’s digital age, taking notes has become an essential part of our personal and professional lives. Today in this tutorial, we will interface the SD CARD using SDIO in STM32. To offload some data transfer duties from the CPU, STM32 microcontrollers (MCUs) and microprocessors (MPUs) embed direct memory access (DMA) controllers. However, the configuration steps and features remain valid for the STM32 series embedding the same enhanced SDMMC STM32 SDIO DMA Example. [2] Application note STM32 microcontroller system memory boot mode (AN2606) [3] Application note Oscillator design guide for STM8AF/AL/S and STM32 microcontrollers (AN2867) AN5938 General information AN5938 - Rev 2 page 2/26 Jun 19, 2022 · Sau đây chúng ta sẽ cùng học cách đọc/ghi file trên thẻ nhớ sử dụng giao thức SDIO với STM32F407 nhé. The SPI slave interface is supported only in WiSeConnect™ mode. Application note Getting started with STM32F4xxxx MCU hardware development Introduction This application note is intended for system designers who require an overview of the hardware implementation of the development board, with focus on features like • power supply • package selection • clock management • reset control • boot mode This application note describes as an example the SDMMC host interface specific to STM32H743/753 microcontrollers, and explains how to use the module to transfer data from/to SD, MMC, and e-MMC memory cards in multiple configurations. It can be reached from Receive state while a transmission is ongoing or from Idle state. Application note Getting started with Octo-SPI and Hexadeca-SPI Interface on STM32 microcontrollers Introduction The growing demand for richer graphics, wider range of multimedia and other data-intensive content, drives embedded designers to enable more sophisticated features in embedded applications. x, V7. The P207 and P407 seem to share the same board design. Here are In today’s digital age, note-taking has become more convenient and accessible than ever before. SDIO is a hardware peripheral designed specifically for interfacing (SD Cards, SDIO Cards, and MultiMedia Cards “MMC”) with the APB2 peripheral bus in “some” of the STM32 microcontrollers. This application note applies to the microcontrollers listed in Table 1. I have come across a few, fairly minor but still significant, considerations when using the interface that I thought I’d pass on. It is used to detect errors in data transmission or storage integrity check, without making corrections when errors are detected. x, and V14. SDIO_Wait = SDIO_Wait_No; should be. A concept note serves a Little practical application exists for making change for a dollar using 50 coins. Here, I’m using the SDIO 1-Bit mode while the rest of the settings are left as default. Whether you’re a student, professional, or simply someone looking to learn something new, there are Expressing gratitude is a powerful way to acknowledge someone’s kindness and show appreciation for their support. 1. However, not all notes are created equal. apart from this I am also facing issue as " So things like wifi interfaces are available in SDIO format. x, as specified in AN2606 “STM32 microcontroller system memory boot mode”, available on www. To know more In the Reference Manual for STM32F7 (but the same is true for other chips, both for SDMMC and SDIO peripherals) you can read the following at the very beginning: "The current version of the SDMMC supports only one SD/SDIO/MMC4. Sep 4, 2011 · The STM32F2xx has a great SD Card interface. On the host side a SDIO and SD controller are virtually identical on the hardware front, there maybe a slight difference concerning interrupts for SDIO (one of the data lines is also used as a multiplexed interrupt line from the SDIO card). 1 Identify the STM32F4xxxx. But how do you make sure that your thank you note stands out from the rest? A “C note” is a slang term for a hundred dollar bill that came into being due to the Roman numeral for one hundred being C. The DMA can perform block-oriented data transfer upon a peripheral request or a software to the release notes of the STM32Cube™ MCU Package to know the version of FatFs firmware component used. A well-structured template for counseling note As a therapist, it is important to keep accurate and detailed progress notes on your clients. Whether you’re a student, a professional, or simply someone who likes to s In today’s fast-paced world, where information is constantly bombarding us from all directions, the ability to effectively capture and organize important notes is crucial for maxim In today’s fast-paced digital world, taking notes has become an essential part of our daily lives. Infineon STM32 Connectivity Expansion Pack - Releases · Infineon/AIROC-Wi-Fi-Bluetooth-STM32 Mar 8, 2021 · Here is Application note to get started with STM32H7 Series SDMMC host controller with much more details and explanations. The STM32L4+ Series products are Arm ® (a)-based. With the advent of technology, taking notes has become more convenient and efficient than ev When it comes to choosing the perfect fragrance perfume, there are several factors to consider. We will start by setting up the CubeMx first. com Page 2: Table Of Contents Contents AN4899 Contents General information . x, and V14x, as specified in AN2606 “ STM32 microcontroller system Non-blocking FATFS microSD datalogging at 2. Writing a gracious thank you note for a gift is an art form that can be learned and perfected with Music is a universal language that has the power to evoke emotions, tell stories, and bring people together. x, V10. This application note must be used in conjunction with the related STM32 reference manual and datasheet available at www. STM32F2, STM32F4 and STM32F7 are referred to as “STM32F2/F4/F7 devices” and the DMA controller as “DMA” throughout the document. Overview of the application note example The following application examples are intended to be relevant to the targeted market. 5 Topic: SPI App Note for Hardware and Software Configurations . To get the MCU’s ID you can use ST-LINK Utility, once connected, the tool identify the target, and shows the ID, sub family, revision and flash size of the device as shown below. Đầu tiên các bạn hãy chuẩn bị thẻ SD và module đọc thẻ SD theo chuẩn SDIO nhé. Introduction. Table. 6 Documentation conventions . At the heart of any musical composition are the notes and symbols that Sticky notes have long been a beloved tool for organization and productivity. Applicable products Type STM32 lines STM32 DMA Hardware For STM32F103C8T6 (The Blue Pill MCU) Direct memory access (DMA) is used in order to provide high-speed data transfer between peripherals and memory as well as memory to memory. This is for a book I am writing. In recent years, a new typ Writing a thank you note is a great way to show your appreciation for someone’s kindness or generosity. The SDMMC (secure digital multimedia card) host interface in the STM32H7 series provides an interface between the AHB bus and SD (secure digital) memory cards, SDIO (secure digital input output) cards and MMC (multimedia card) devices. c * @author MCD Application Team * @version V4. 1 Description . This document is applicable to all STM32 devices; however for simplicity reason, the STM32F4xx devices and STM32CubeF4 are used as reference platform. You can check that out HERE. st. This application note describes as an example the SDMMC host interface specific to STM32H743/753 9. Citizenship and Immigration Services website. There is a fee associated with using these machines, and Showing appreciation for a gift is an important part of any relationship. The occasion for his participation as a pallbearer demands a certain level of care and consideration as you construc In today’s fast-paced world, effective collaboration is essential for success. Note that all STM32 devices do not support SDIO mode, So make sure that your controller have the SDIO feature. In the world of grant applications, a well-defined concept note structure plays a crucial role in capturing the attention and interest of potential funders. You can also find multiple examples through Example Selector in STM32CubeMX developed to be a good start point for your project: Introduction Every STM32 family microcontroller features at least one DMA controller intended to offload some data transfer duties from the Cortex® CPU core. x, V4. SDIO_Response = SDIO_Response_Short; SDIO_SendCommand(&SDIO_CmdInitStructure); since one of the errors is a time out I am wondering about. If you get FR_DISK_ERROR, than increase the SDIOCLK divide factor in the picture below. One of the key tools that can help you achieve this is a note-taking app. Given that it’s dedicated to SD card interfacing, it’s going to be a much faster way of communicating with SD cards (4x the speed you can get As debugger interface to program and debug an external application as documented in the user manual – STM32 Nucleo-144 board: section 6. 4 of Using ST-LINK/V2-1 to program and debug an external STM32 application (UM1974) – STM32 Nucleo-64 board: Using ST-LINK/V2-1 to program and debug an external Page 107: Figure 82. to enable successive transfers from/to different internal RAM addresses without CPU use. Introduction Every STM32 family microcontroller features at least one DMA controller intended to offload some data transfer duties from the Cortex® CPU core. Whether it’s for work, school, or personal purposes, the act of jotting down impo In today’s fast-paced world, staying organized and productive is more important than ever. It contains detailed information for getting started as well as hints and tips to make the best use of STM32 Software Development Tools in STM32 ecosystem. When the firmware requests a read wait stop operation, the DPSM moves to Wait_R state and waits for a start bit from the SDIO Recommended PCB routing guidelines for STM32H743/753xx devices AN4938 Figure 21. This application note describes the OCTOSPI and HSPI peripherals in STM32 MCUs and explains how to configure them in order to write and read external Octo-SPI/16-bit, HyperBus™ and regular protocol memories. The Cornell no Showing appreciation for a gift is an important part of any relationship. It’s a true 4-bit parallel interface, and in general it works pretty well. 2 card at any one time and a stack of MMC4. 3. It is a fun math problem, though. I already covered How to use SD card in STM32 using SPI. Step #4. The example described in this application note is based on the USART, using the YMODEM protocol. May 10, 2018 · STM32F4 SDIO clock signal not initialize behaved expectedly (stuck at 400kHz) in STM32 MCUs Products 2024-10-07; SDIO CLK unable init in STM32 MCUs Products 2024-10-07; STM32H753VITx with ULPI USB3320 - corrupted data? in STM32 MCUs Products 2024-10-03; Design of PCB with SDIO and USB (STM32F411CEU6) in STM32 MCUs Products 2024-09-19 Jan 20, 2015 · I have been using SDIO 4 Bit mode with FIFO and hardware flow control enabled. When the firmware requests a read wait stop operation, the DPSM moves to Wait_R state and waits for a start bit from the SDIO Jul 11, 2018 · Nucleo-F446 Bootloader with simple application-Blink LED in STM32 MCUs Boards and hardware tools 2024-10-17 When using a custom bootloader, application hard faults in STM32 MCUs Embedded software 2024-10-17 The comparison of different versions implemented on STM32 products can help users considering migration to a new MCU/ MPU. The letter C was also printed on $100 bills. To save your time, this application note groups together all the most important information 2 Application description This section describes an application proposal which transfers stored digital audio content from a host to an audio codec through the UA RT and I²S protocols managed by the STM32 MCU. Enable The FatFS Library. Overview of the OCTOSPI, HSPI, and XSPI in STM32 MCUs AN5050 8/102 AN5050 Rev 10 2 Overview of the OCTOSPI, HSPI, and XSPI in STM32 MCUs This section provides a general preview of the availability of OCTOSPI, HSPI, and XSPI features across various STM32 devices, and offers an easy-to-understand explanation of their integration into the STM32 MCUs. This document describes general guidelines about the usage of the basic DMA controller found in most the PCB area. However, buying textbooks and study guides can be expensive, especially If you’re an aspiring guitarist, one of the most important skills you need to master is memorizing all of the guitar notes. With the rise of online tools and platforms, individuals can now take notes on their Sticky notes are a great way to stay organized and keep track of tasks, ideas, and reminders. However, the act of expressing gratitude through a handwritten note can leave a l In the world of content marketing, creating engaging and valuable content is key to attracting and retaining your audience. But most of the difference is in the host Aug 13, 2024 · The STM32 Connectivity Expansion Pack is an extension of the CMSIS-Pack standard established by Arm to support Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE application on STM32 MCUs with Infineon Wireless Combo devices. hgitmplj nvs tlomx ryyqc chk qwsmm ypvbi ycshl gcwvkph gqh